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GVR order
A GVR order is a type of order issued on occasion by the Supreme Court of the United States, in which the Court grants a petition for certiorari, vacates the decision of the court below, and remands the case for further proceedings (hence the acronym by which they are known). An order of this sort is appropriate when there has been a change in the law or a precedential ruling subsequent to the lower court or agency's decision; the Supreme Court simply sends the case back to the lower court to be reconsidered in light of the new law or the new precedent. GVR orders are designed to be efficient and thus are not full explications of the law, and have no precedential effect outside of the case in which the order is issued.
For discussion of when a GVR is appropriate see ''Lawrence v. Chater'', 516 U.S. 163 (1996); ''SKF USA Inc., v. United States'', 254 F.3d 1022 (Fed. Cir. 2001). For a more recent decision, see ''Youngblood v. West Virginia'', 547 U.S. 867 (2006).
An example of the Supreme Court issuing a GVR order comes in the case of ''State of Kansas v. Limon''. Under Kansas state law, statutory rape charges involving minors were greatly reduced if both parties were teenagers with few years between them. However, the law specifically excluded same-sex sexual conduct. Limon, 18 years old at the time, had performed oral sex on a 14-year-old boy with his consent, which is defined by Kansas law as rape regardless of consent from the 14-year-old. Because they were both male, the statute minimizing Limon's sentence did not apply. He was sentenced to over a decade longer in prison than if it were opposite-sex sexual conduct. When Limon challenged the law, a trial court, as well as the Kansas Court of Appeals, upheld the law. When the Kansas Supreme Court refused to hear the case, Limon filed a petition for a writ of certiorari from the U.S. Supreme Court in 2002.
On June 26, 2003, the Supreme Court ruled in ''Lawrence v. Texas'' that state laws forbidding consensual sex between two people of the same-sex are unconstitutional. In light of this, on June 27, the Supreme Court granted Limon's petition, vacated the ruling of the Kansas Court of Appeals, and remanded the case for further consideration. After the Court of Appeals again upheld the law, the Kansas Supreme Court agreed to hear the case and unanimously struck down the part of the law excluding same-sex sexual conduct.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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